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±Û¾´³¯ : 2002-01-05 02:33:51
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Á¦¸ñ: TRIPSÇùÁ¤°ú °øÁß º¸°Ç¿¡ °üÇÑ ¼±¾ð

DECLARATION ON THE TRIPS AGREEMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH
TRIPSÇùÁ¤°ú °øÁß º¸°Ç¿¡ °üÇÑ ¼±¾ð

1.    We recognize the gravity of the public health problems afflicting many
developing and least-developed countries, especially those resulting from HIV/AIDS,
tuberculosis, malaria and other epidemics.
1. ¿ì¸®´Â ƯÈ÷ HIV/ ¿¡ÀÌÁî, °áÇÙ, ¸»¶ó¸®¾Æ¿Í ´Ù¸¥ À¯ÇິÀÇ ¹ß»ýÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ »ý±â´Â ¸¹Àº
°³¹ßµµ»ó±¹°ú ÃÖºó±¹À» ±«·ÓÈ÷°í ÀÖ´Â °øÁß º¸°Ç ¹®Á¦ÀÇ Áß´ëÇÔÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù£¬ 

2.    We stress the need for the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of
Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) to be part of the wider national and
international action to address these problems.
2. ¿ì¸®´Â TRIPS ÇùÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© WTO ÇùÁ¤ÀÌ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹®Á¦¸¦ Á¦±âÇÏ´Â º¸´Ù ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°í
±¹Á¦ÀûÀÎ ÇൿÀÇ ÀϺκÐÀÌ µÉ Çʿ伺¿¡ ´ëÇØ °­Á¶ÇÑ´Ù. 

3.    We recognize that intellectual property protection is importantfor the
development of new medicines.  We also recognize the concerns about its effects on
prices.
3. ¿ì¸®´Â ÁöÀû Àç»ê±Ç º¸È£°¡ ½Å¾à °³¹ß¿¡ ÀÖ¾î Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¶ÇÇÑ
°¡°Ý¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ È¿°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿°·Á¿ª½Ã ÀÎÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. 
 
4.    We agree that the TRIPS Agreement does not and should not prevent Members
from taking measures to protect public health.  Accordingly, while reiterating our
commitment to the TRIPS Agreement, we affirm that the Agreement can and should be
interpreted and implemented in a manner supportive of WTO Members' right to protect
public health and, in particular, to promote access to medicines for all.
4. ¿ì¸®°¡ TRIPs ÇùÁ¤ÀÌ °øÁß º¸°ÇÀ» º¸È£Çϱâ À§ÇÑ Á¶Ä¡¸¦ ÃëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹æÇØÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç
¹æÇØ ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °Í¿¡ µ¿ÀÇÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ TRIPs ÇùÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼­¾àÀ» µÇÇ®ÀÌÇϸç
¿ì¸®´Â ÇùÁ¤ÀÌ °øÁß º¸°ÇÀ» º¸È£Çϱâ À§ÇÑ Æ¯È÷ ÀǾàÇ°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¢±Ù¼ºÀ» ÃËÁøÇϱâ À§ÇÑ
WTO ȸ¿ø±¹µéÀÇ ±Ç¸®¸¦ ÁöÁöÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î Çؼ®µÇ¾î¾ß Çϸç ÀÌÇàµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ´Ü¾ðÇÑ´Ù.


In this connection, we reaffirm the right of WTO Members to use, to the full, the
provisions in the TRIPS Agreement, which provide flexibility for this purpose.
ÀÌ¿Í °ü·ÃÇÏ¿©, ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀ» À§ÇÑ À¯¿¬¼ºÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ´Â TRIPs ÇùÁ¤ÀÇ ±ÔÁ¤À»  WTO
ȸ¿ø±¹µéÀÌ ÃæºÐÈ÷ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ±Ç¸®¸¦ ÀçÈ®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù. 

5.    Accordingly and in the light of paragraph 4 above, while maintaining our
commitments in the TRIPS Agreement, we recognize that these flexibilities include:
5. µû¶ó¼­ À§ÀÇ 4.ÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ TRIPs ÇùÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼­¾àÀ» À¯ÁöÇϸ鼭 ¿ì¸®´Â
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ À¯¿¬¼ºÀÌ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °ÍÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù:  

(a) In applying the customary rules of interpretation of public international law,
each provision of the TRIPS Agreement shall be read in the light of the object and
purpose of the Agreement as expressed, in particular, in its objectives and
principles.
°øÁß ±¹Á¦¹ý Çؼ®ÀÇ ½À°üÀûÀÎ ±ÔÄ¢À» Àû¿ëÇÒ ¶§ TRIPs ÇùÁ¤Àº Ưº°È÷ ±× ¸ñÀû°ú ¿ø¸®¿¡¼­
Ç¥ÇöµÈ °Íó·³ ÇùÁ¤ÀÇ ¸ñÀû°ú ¸ñÇ¥ÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ µ¶ÇصǾî¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.  

(b) Each Member has the right to grant compulsory licences and the freedom to
determine the grounds upon which such licences are granted.
°¢ ȸ¿ø±¹Àº °­Á¦½Ç½Ã±ÇÀ» Çã°¡ÇÒ ±Ç¸®°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½Ç½Ã±ÇÀÌ Çã°¡µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿µ¿ªÀ»
ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô °áÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 

(c) Each Member has the right to determine what constitutes a national emergency or
other circumstances of extreme urgency, it being understood that public health
crises, including those relating to HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and other
epidemics, can represent a national emergency or other circumstances of extreme
urgency.
°¢ ȸ¿ø±¹Àº ±¹°¡Àû ÀÀ±Þ»óȲ ¶Ç´Â ±ØµµÀÇ ºñ»ó»óÅÂÀÇ »óȲ ±¸¼ºÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ±Ç¸®°¡
ÀÖ´Ù.  ÀÌ°ÍÀº HIV/AIDS, °áÇÙ, ¸»¶ó¸®¾Æ¿Í ´Ù¸¥ À¯Çິ°ú °ü·ÃµÇ´Â °øÁß º¸°Ç À§±â°¡
±¹°¡ ÀÀ±Þ»óȲ ¶Ç´Â ±ØµµÀÇ ºñ»ó»óÅ»óȲÀ» ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÌÇØµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 

(d) The effect of the provisions in the TRIPS Agreement that are relevant to the
exhaustion of intellectual property rights is to leave each Member free to
establish its own regime for such exhaustion without challenge, subject to the MFN
and national treatment provisions of Articles 3 and 4.
ÁöÀû Àç»ê±ÇÀÇ ¼ÒÁø°ú °ü·ÃµÇ´Â TRIPs ÇùÁ¤ ±ÔÁ¤ÀÇ È¿·ÂÀº °¢ ȸ¿ø±¹µé¿¡°Ô Á¦ 3Á¶¿Í Á¦
4Á¶ÀÇ ÃÖÇý±¹°ú ³»±¹¹Î ´ë¿ì ±ÔÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À§¹Ý¾øÀÌ ¼ÒÁøÀÇ Ã¼°è¸¦ È®¸³ÇÒ ÀÚÀ¯°¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â
°ÍÀ» ÀÏÀÓÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 

6.    We recognize that WTO Members with insufficient or no manufacturing
capacities in the pharmaceutical sector could face difficulties in making effective
use of compulsory licensing under the TRIPS Agreement.  We instruct the Council for
TRIPS to find an expeditious solution to this problem and to report to the General
Council before the end of 2002.
6. ¿ì¸®´Â Á¦¾àºÎ¹®ÀÇ Á¦Á¶±â¼úÀÌ ºÒÃæºÐÇϰųª Á¦Á¶±â¼úÀÌ ¾ø´Â WTOȸ¿ø±¹µéÀÌ TRIPs
ÇùÁ¤ÇÏÀÇ °­Á¦½Ç½Ã±ÇÀÇ È¿°úÀûÀÎ »ç¿ëÀÇ ¾î·Á¿ò¿¡ Á÷¸éÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â
TRIPs ÀÌ»çȸ¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ½Å¼ÓÇÑ ÇعýÀ» ã¾Æ 2002³âÀÌ ³¡³ª±â Àü¿¡ ÀϹÝÀÌ»çȸ¿¡
º¸°íÇϱ⸦ ¸í·ÉÇÑ´Ù. 

7.    We reaffirm the commitment of developed-country Members to provide incentives
to their enterprises and institutions to promote and encourage technology transfer
to least-developed country Members pursuant to Article 66.2.  We also agree that
the least-developed country Members will not be obliged, with respect to
pharmaceutical products, to implement or apply Sections 5 and 7 of Part II of the
TRIPS Agreement or to enforce rights provided for under these Sections until 1
January 2016, without prejudice to the right of least-developed country Members to
seek other extensions of the transition periods as provided for in Article 66.1 of
the TRIPS Agreement.  We instruct the Council for TRIPS to take the necessary
action to give effect to this pursuant to Article 66.1 of the TRIPS Agreement.
¿ì¸®´Â Á¦66.2Á¶¿¡ µû¸£´Â Ãֺ󱹿¡°Ô ¼±Áø±¹ÀÌ ±×µéÀÌ »ç¾÷°ú Á¦µµÀÇ ±â¼úÀÌÀüÀ» ÃËÁøÇÒ
¼ö °ÍÀ̶ó´Â ¼±Áø±¹ÀÇ ¼­¾àÀ» ÀçÈ®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â TRIPs ÇùÁ¤ÀÇ Á¦ 66.1Á¶¿¡ ¼­¼úµÈ
ÃÖºó±¹ÀÇ ÀÌÇà ±â°£ÀÇ È®Àå ±Ç¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ä§ÇؾøÀÌ ÃÖºó±¹ÀÌ TRIPs ÇùÁ¤ÀÇ Part 2ÀÇ
section 5, 7¸¦ ÀÌÇàÇϰųª Àû¿ëÇÏ´Â °Í°ú ±×·¯ÇÑ ±Ç¸®¸¦ °­È­ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» 2016³â 1¿ù
1ÀϱîÁö µû¸£Áö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °Í¿¡ µ¿ÀÇÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â TRIPs ÀÌ»çȸ°¡ TRIPs ÇùÁ¤ Á¦
66.1Á¶¿¡ µû¸£´Â È¿·Â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Á¶Ä¡¸¦ ÃëÇÒ °ÍÀ» ¸í·ÉÇÑ´Ù. 



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